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CVE-2025-31161

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AW…

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CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
CVSS 9.8 (CRITICAL) KEV: KNOWN CATALOG

Attention and evidence

HYPE SCORE
0.0/10
REALITY · THREAT PRIORITY
9.0/10
General review priority; not probability

Evidence confidence: Exploitation recorded

Why this priority?
  • Recorded exploitation baseline: +7.00
  • Technical severity: CVSS 9.8: +1.47
  • Fresh EPSS: 99.97%: +0.50

General review priority, not probability, victim count or asset-specific risk. A range covers missing CVSS/EPSS inputs within the current evidence state.

Sources: 12 documents and public datasets.

Hype components

Headline sample (25%)
0/100
Press, 30 days (60%)
0/100
Grounded branding (15%)
0/100
HYPE TOTAL0/100

Sources and documents

Help Net Security
Press · 11 Nov 2025, 08:00 · Attackers exploited another Gladinet Triofox vulnerability (CVE-2025-12480) - Help Net Security
The Hacker News
Press · 20 Jul 2025, 07:00 · Hackers Exploit Critical CrushFTP Flaw to Gain Admin Access on Unpatched Servers - The Hacker News
Arctic Wolf
Press · 18 Jul 2025, 07:00 · Recommendations For CVE-2025-54309 - Arctic Wolf
SDxCentral
Press · 02 May 2025, 00:52 · CISA adds CrushFTP authentication bypass vulnerability to catalog - SDxCentral
Kennedys Law LLP
Press · 14 Apr 2025, 07:00 · Vulnerability crush: organisations are being exploited via CrushFTP in widespread cyber attack - Kennedys Law LLP
See all 12 source documents
Huntress
Press · 14 Apr 2025, 07:00 · CVE-2025-30406 - Critical Gladinet CentreStack & Triofox Vulnerability Exploited In The Wild - Huntress
The Record from Recorded Future News
Press · 08 Apr 2025, 07:00 · CISA, experts warn of Crush file transfer attacks as ransomware gang makes threats - The Record from Recorded Future News
Field Effect
Press · 03 Apr 2025, 07:00 · A tale of two CVEs: Dispute over CrushFTP’s recent vulnerability - Field Effect
Arctic Wolf
Press · 02 Apr 2025, 07:00 · Recommendations for CVE-2025-31161 - Arctic Wolf
BleepingComputer
Press · 01 Apr 2025, 07:00 · Critical auth bypass bug in CrushFTP now exploited in attacks - BleepingComputer
SecurityWeek
Press · 01 Apr 2025, 07:00 · CrushFTP Blames Security Firms for Fast Exploitation of Vulnerability - SecurityWeek
The Hacker News
Press · 26 Mar 2025, 07:00 · New Security Flaws Found in VMware Tools and CrushFTP — High Risk, PoC Released - The Hacker News

Score evolution

● Hype   ● Reality

Earlier evidence-support scores are retained in history; this chart shows only the current priority definition.

First record: hype 0.0 · reality 9.0 (2026-11-02 15:13). The curve appears once the score changes.

Public exploit evidence

3

Public exploit entries / repo candidates

See 3 repos with metrics
RepositoryStarsForksLanguageUpdated
ghostsec420/ShatteredFTP133Python11 Apr 2025, 10:55
f4dee-backup/CVE-2025-3116120Shell14 Sep 2025, 15:31
Dairrow/CVE-2025-3116110Python11 Jan 2026, 13:09
Public exploit evidence
Evidence context and dated references

Reality is general threat/review priority, combining observed exploitation, CVSS severity and fresh EPSS. Evidence confidence is separate. This is not calibrated risk, a victim count or an asset-specific assessment. A range reflects missing numeric inputs.

Evidence in context

Confidence in exploitation evidence
Exploitation recorded
Priority basis
Recorded exploitation; CVSS 9.8; EPSS 100.0%
Attention, last 30 days
0 distinct story titles; 0 press documents; 0 publisher domains.
Technical potential
network access, no prior privileges, no user interaction.
Observed activity
Exploitation recorded in CISA KEV.
Known scale
Not quantified.
Evidence confidence basis
Trusted exploitation confirmation

Score evaluated: 2026-11-05 13:59:33.892790+00:00 · EPSS snapshot: 2026-11-05T12:03:04Z

Source event timeline
First press mention
26 Mar 2025, 07:00
Published
03 Apr 2025, 00:00
Added to the CISA KEV catalog
07 Apr 2025, 00:00
Latest press mention
11 Nov 2025, 08:00
Score calculated
05 Nov 2026, 13:59
PoCs on GitHub
3 repositories